Sunday, December 28, 2008

apa yg diingat...

days goes by, sedar2 kita dah sampai ke penghujung..nak flash back aper yg dah berlaku sepanjang thn, tak mungkin ler..personally i ingat time january jer!if u know what i mean..u remember very important events in ur life,tp kekedang aper yg kita buat semalam pun belum tentu kita ingat..maybe the memory slip out somewhere in our brain..or never been stored! a good memory really helps in our daily activities..especially at work..that's why we need frens or pen&paper to help us remember..especially if ur the cant-really-remember-what-i-did-yesterday kind of person (including me?)have u herd someone say "i dont have/poor in short term memory?"..hhhmm...this needs scientific explaination. quote from w:ikipedia

In psychology, memory is an organism's mental ability to store, retain and recall information. Traditional studies of memory began in the fields of philosophy, including techniques of artificially enhancing the memory. The late nineteenth and early twentieth century put memory within the paradigms of cognitive psychology. In recent decades, it has become one of the principal pillars of a branch of science called cognitive neuroscience, an interdisciplinary link between cognitive psychology and neuroscience.

Processes

From an information processing perspective there are three main stages in the formation and retrieval of memory:

  • Encoding or registration (receiving, processing and combining of received information)
  • Storage (creation of a permanent record of the encoded information)
  • Retrieval or recall (calling back the stored information in response to some cue for use in a process or activity)

Classification

A basic and generally accepted classification of memory is based on the duration of memory retention, and identifies three distinct types of memory: sensory memory, short term memory and long term memory.

Sensory

Sensory memory corresponds approximately to the initial 200 - 500 milliseconds after an item is perceived. The ability to look at an item, and remember what it looked like with just a second of observation, or memorization, is an example of sensory memory. With very short presentations, participants often report that they seem to "see" more than they can actually report. The first experiments exploring this form of sensory memory were conducted by George Sperling (1960) using the "partial report paradigm." Subjects were presented with a grid of 12 letters, arranged into three rows of 4. After a brief presentation, subjects were then played either a high, medium or low tone, cuing them which of the rows to report. Based on these partial report experiments, Sperling was able to show that the capacity of sensory memory was approximately 12 items, but that it degraded very quickly (within a few hundred milliseconds). Because this form of memory degrades so quickly, participants would see the display, but be unable to report all of the items (12 in the "whole report" procedure) before they decayed. This type of memory cannot be prolonged via rehearsal.

Short-term memory allows one to recall something from several seconds to as long as a minute without rehearsal. Its capacity is also very limited: George A. Miller (1956), when working at Bell Laboratories, conducted experiments showing that the store of short term memory was 7±2 items (the title of his famous paper, "The magical number 7±2"). Modern estimates of the capacity of short-term memory are lower, typically on the order of 4-5 items, and we know that memory capacity can be increased through a process called chunking. For example, if presented with the string:

FBIPHDTWAIBM

people are able to remember only a few items. However, if the same information is presented in the following way:

FBI PHD TWA IBM

people can remember a great deal more letters. This is because they are able to chunk the information into meaningful groups of letters. Beyond finding meaning in the abbreviations above, Herbert Simon showed that the ideal size for chunking letters and numbers, meaningful or not, was three. This may be reflected in some countries in the tendency to remember phone numbers as several chunks of three numbers with the final four-number groups generally broken down into two groups of two.

Short-term memory is believed to rely mostly on an acoustic code for storing information, and to a lesser extent a visual code. Conrad (1964)[1] found that test subjects had more difficulty recalling collections of words that were acoustically similar (e.g. dog, hog, fog, bog, log).

However, some individuals have been reported to be able to remember large amounts of information, quickly, and be able to recall that information in seconds.

The storage in sensory memory and short-term memory generally have a strictly limited capacity and duration, which means that information is available for a certain period of time, but is not retained indefinitely. By contrast, long-term memory can store much larger quantities of information for potentially unlimited duration (sometimes a whole life span). For example, given a random seven-digit number, we may remember it for only a few seconds before forgetting, suggesting it was stored in our short-term memory. On the other hand, we can remember telephone numbers for many years through repetition; this information is said to be stored in long-term memory. While short-term memory encodes information acoustically, long-term memory encodes it semantically: Baddeley (1966)[2] discovered that after 20 minutes, test subjects had the least difficulty recalling a collection of words that had similar meanings (e.g. big, large, great, huge).

Short-term memory is supported by transient patterns of neuronal communication, dependent on regions of the frontal lobe (especially dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) and the parietal lobe. Long-term memories, on the other hand, are maintained by more stable and permanent changes in neural connections widely spread throughout the brain. The hippocampus is essential (for learning new information) to the consolidation of information from short-term to long-term memory, although it does not seem to store information itself. Without the hippocampus new memories are unable to be stored into long-term memory, very short attention span. Rather, it may be involved in changing neural connections for a period of three months or more after the initial learning. One of the primary functions of sleep is improving consolidation of information, as it can be shown that memory depends on getting sufficient sleep between training and test, and that the hippocampus replays activity from the current day while sleeping


tidur memain peranan dalam memori kita..interesting huh?marilah kita cukupkan tido (will i ever get enuff sleeps) so many things to remember huh...

Wednesday, December 10, 2008

bukit oo bukit...

lately nih tgh sibuk cerita ttg kejadian tanah runtuh...sedih la jugak tgk kejadian seperti ini berlaku,yg meragut nyawa...banjir lagi..nih nak citer time aku dulu dulu laaa..selama 20++ aku pernah duduk u:lu k:lang..kawasan nih mmg dikelilingi bukit2..dari kecik dulu selalu jugak pegi bkt a/bangsa tu..my arwah ya:yi (atuk) bawak pegi walking masa umur dlm 5-6 yrs old mcm tu la... i remember jog at the main access road to BA and there were couples of i:ndon ladies yg tgh cat tiang2 (i think now its blue color) sepanjang laluan tu..and they said at my y:ayi..' ayu budak itu...' hahahahha....bluekkk i was chubby at that time..i just smiled..and masa aku remaja..tp aku tak ingat pergi ngan sapa..pegi kat one place at BA and i can see the whole u:lu k:lang area..it was nice..i can spotted my hse too!
an old fren of mine tinggal around that area...kan b:idadari?hehehe..at one time if i could remember (a:nne, correct me if im wrong!!) mmg ada bukit cantik belakang rumah dia..then, after few years..puufff!mcm magik jer jadik togel..sedey sedey..well u cant stop development rite?then years after years aku tgk byk jugak bkt2 kat area ulu klang dah dimajukan...pernah ada one time tu aku bwk kete and mcm tetiba nangis..lor..aper kehey nyer nangis..takpela..sentimental konon..hhmm..agaknyer sbb itu kot aku amik course env!hehehe
masa aku kecik jugak aku selalu ikut yayi aku pegi amik my m:ommy keje kat d:msara h:eights..dekat je dgn kejadian l:andslide kat ofis c:idb tu..tp atas bkt lagi..dulu situ one small area that i call hutan..and along naik je jln s:emantan jugak hutan..tak tau le primary ke sekunder..tp mcm primary jer..tp skrang bila lalu jln tu..dah takde langsung green area..and jln naik ke my mom's ofis pun siap ada kediaman mewah lagi..i think there was not much land..tp menyelit jugak nak buat mcm2..pastu habis all the monkeys semua lari ke ada one small portion of green area near my mom's office..mcm byk jer diaorg berkumpul kat situ..i dnt know if they r still there.
kesedihan2 yg dialami nih tak sangka satu hari terjadik malapetaka..biasa la dah jadi baru sibuk2..what eva la.....

Monday, December 1, 2008

pisang Kaki

i dont have my own pic but i found this very interesting..this pic is from t:ropicalbloom.blogspot..if i may use his pic..sorry & thanks!

seriously aku sukaaaa sangat..u all pernah makan tak buah nih?bila buah nih off season memang mahal laaa..sebijik pernah la jugak sampai hampir rm 5..masa tuh teringin sangat, beli ajer!!hehehe

nama melayu p:isang kaki..tp tak tau la dari mana mitos nya nama tu diberi..nama english p:ersimmon fruit. rupa seperti buah tomato besar..warna jingga keemasan. dalam isinya ada biji hitam coklat..mcm biji ciku versi besar. kulit dimakan bersama..pahit sikkkiitt je.

rasanya: kalau belum ranum, isinya agak firm mcm buah pear yg belum masak ranum. sakit gusi jugak kalu makan...rangup.very crunchy. tapi bila dah masak ranum..or rip..isinya sangat la heaven..hehehe..sangat manis..isinya akan kelihatan berurat urat..susah nak describe rasa isinya..sbb it has its own taste! manis mcm ciku madu!

khasiat: kaya dengan vitamin A dan C, juga niasin dan zat galian seperti kalsium fosforus dan zat besi.

sekarang rasanya mmg tengah season..so kawan2 cuba la..bessttt